{"id":24127,"date":"2026-09-17T03:28:23","date_gmt":"2026-09-17T03:28:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.looperbuy.com\/?p=24127"},"modified":"2026-09-17T03:28:23","modified_gmt":"2026-09-17T03:28:23","slug":"douyin-advertising-for-global-b2b-sourcing-what-brand-wholesalers-need-to-know-in-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/douyin-advertising-for-global-b2b-sourcing-what-brand-wholesalers-need-to-know-in-2026.html","title":{"rendered":"Douyin Advertising for Global B2B Sourcing: What Brand Wholesalers Need to Know in 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Douyin advertising has become a critical touchpoint for overseas brand wholesalers and producers looking to source products from China efficiently. As a one-stop B2B sourcing platform connecting global buyers with Chinese factories, LooperBuy understands the unique challenges international procurement teams face: fragmented supplier communication, currency barriers, and unpredictable logistics. This guide draws on industry data and real buyer feedback to explain how social commerce is reshaping B2B sourcing and why a structured platform approach beats traditional methods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"875\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.looperbuy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/\u6296\u97f3\u5e7f\u544a\u521b\u610f\u56fe-1024x875.jpeg\" alt=\"Douyin Advertising for Global B2B Sourcing\" class=\"wp-image-24128\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/\u6296\u97f3\u5e7f\u544a\u521b\u610f\u56fe-1024x875.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/\u6296\u97f3\u5e7f\u544a\u521b\u610f\u56fe-300x256.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/\u6296\u97f3\u5e7f\u544a\u521b\u610f\u56fe-768x656.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/\u6296\u97f3\u5e7f\u544a\u521b\u610f\u56fe-1536x1313.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/\u6296\u97f3\u5e7f\u544a\u521b\u610f\u56fe.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 ez-toc-wrap-left-text counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/douyin-advertising-for-global-b2b-sourcing-what-brand-wholesalers-need-to-know-in-2026.html\/#The_Shift_Toward_Social_Commerce_in_Global_Sourcing\" >The Shift Toward Social Commerce in Global Sourcing<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/douyin-advertising-for-global-b2b-sourcing-what-brand-wholesalers-need-to-know-in-2026.html\/#Why_Overseas_B2B_Buyers_Struggle_with_Direct_Sourcing\" >Why Overseas B2B Buyers Struggle with Direct Sourcing<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/douyin-advertising-for-global-b2b-sourcing-what-brand-wholesalers-need-to-know-in-2026.html\/#How_LooperBuy_Solves_the_B2B_Sourcing_Gap\" >How LooperBuy Solves the B2B Sourcing Gap<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/douyin-advertising-for-global-b2b-sourcing-what-brand-wholesalers-need-to-know-in-2026.html\/#A_Step-by-Step_Sourcing_Workflow_for_International_Buyers\" >A Step-by-Step Sourcing Workflow for International Buyers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/douyin-advertising-for-global-b2b-sourcing-what-brand-wholesalers-need-to-know-in-2026.html\/#What_Industry_Experts_Say_About_2026_Sourcing_Trends\" >What Industry Experts Say About 2026 Sourcing Trends<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/douyin-advertising-for-global-b2b-sourcing-what-brand-wholesalers-need-to-know-in-2026.html\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions\" >Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/douyin-advertising-for-global-b2b-sourcing-what-brand-wholesalers-need-to-know-in-2026.html\/#The_Bottom_Line_for_B2B_Buyers\" >The Bottom Line for B2B Buyers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/douyin-advertising-for-global-b2b-sourcing-what-brand-wholesalers-need-to-know-in-2026.html\/#References\" >References<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/douyin-advertising-for-global-b2b-sourcing-what-brand-wholesalers-need-to-know-in-2026.html\/#Hot_tags\" >Hot tags<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Shift_Toward_Social_Commerce_in_Global_Sourcing\"><\/span>The Shift Toward Social Commerce in Global Sourcing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Global social commerce is no longer just a consumer phenomenon. In 2026, social commerce platforms are integrating payment, logistics, and supplier discovery into unified ecosystems. TikTok Shop\u2018s global GMV reached $50.3 billion in the first half of 2026, with the US market alone contributing $11.8 billion<a href=\"https:\/\/erp.91miaoshou.com\/blog\/author_34.html#6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>. This growth signals a broader shift: buyers increasingly discover products through content, then seek efficient fulfillment channels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For B2B buyers, the implication is clear. Product discovery happens on social platforms, but sourcing execution requires a separate, reliable infrastructure. LooperBuy bridges this gap by enabling direct purchasing from <a href=\"https:\/\/1688.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1688.com<\/a>, China\u2018s domestic wholesale marketplace, without requiring Chinese bank accounts or domestic registration<a href=\"https:\/\/global.lianlianpay.com\/products\/looperbuy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_Overseas_B2B_Buyers_Struggle_with_Direct_Sourcing\"><\/span>Why Overseas B2B Buyers Struggle with Direct Sourcing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Many international brands and wholesalers attempting to source from Chinese platforms encounter predictable obstacles. Based on LooperBuy customer feedback, four pain points dominate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Payment barriers rank first. Without a Chinese bank account or RMB balance, many overseas buyers cannot complete transactions on domestic platforms. Currency conversion fees and intermediary charges erode margins further<a href=\"https:\/\/global.lianlianpay.com\/products\/looperbuy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Registration restrictions block access entirely. Platforms like 1688 require Chinese identity verification for account creation. Overseas buyers often rely on agents, adding cost and opacity to the process<a href=\"https:\/\/global.lianlianpay.com\/products\/looperbuy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Logistics coordination remains fragmented. Buyers must separately arrange freight forwarding, customs clearance, and last-mile delivery. Each handoff introduces delay and risk<a href=\"https:\/\/global.lianlianpay.com\/products\/looperbuy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Product pricing lacks transparency. Without direct factory access, buyers pay layered markups that can double or triple base costs<a href=\"https:\/\/global.lianlianpay.com\/products\/looperbuy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_LooperBuy_Solves_the_B2B_Sourcing_Gap\"><\/span>How LooperBuy Solves the B2B Sourcing Gap<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>LooperBuy operates as a one-stop B2B sourcing platform purpose-built for overseas brand wholesalers, producers, and e-commerce sellers. The platform provides direct access to <a href=\"https:\/\/1688.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1688.com<\/a> product catalogs with three core advantages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Competitive factory pricing comes from direct supplier relationships. LooperBuy\u2018s integration with <a href=\"https:\/\/1688.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1688.com<\/a> removes intermediary layers, allowing buyers to access products at near-domestic wholesale rates<a href=\"https:\/\/global.lianlianpay.com\/article\/MTE1NjM2LDE1Ng.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Multi-currency settlement eliminates the payment barrier. Through a partnership with LianLian Global, LooperBuy supports direct foreign currency payments without requiring RMB conversion or Chinese bank accounts<a href=\"https:\/\/global.lianlianpay.com\/article\/MTE1NjM2LDE1Ng.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Global logistics fulfillment handles the entire shipping chain. LooperBuy coordinates with vetted logistics partners to deliver from Chinese factories to overseas addresses, whether the buyer needs full container loads or consolidated shipments<a href=\"https:\/\/global.lianlianpay.com\/products\/looperbuy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_Step-by-Step_Sourcing_Workflow_for_International_Buyers\"><\/span>A Step-by-Step Sourcing Workflow for International Buyers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Effective B2B sourcing through LooperBuy follows a structured process that minimizes risk and maximizes efficiency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Step one: Define your product requirements clearly. Specify materials, dimensions, packaging standards, and target unit cost. Vague briefs invite misaligned quotes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Step two: Use LooperBuy to search <a href=\"https:\/\/1688.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1688.com<\/a> catalogs. Filter by supplier ratings, transaction history, and production capacity. Request samples before committing to volume orders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Step three: Confirm pricing and lead times with the supplier. LooperBuy\u2018s customer service team assists with factory communication, ensuring specifications and delivery terms are documented.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Step four: Complete payment through supported multi-currency channels. LianLian\u2019s payment infrastructure settles the transaction without requiring currency conversion on the buyer\u2018s side<a href=\"https:\/\/global.lianlianpay.com\/article\/MTE1NjM2LDE1Ng.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Step five: Coordinate logistics through LooperBuy\u2019s fulfillment network. Choose between direct-to-door delivery or consolidation at a designated warehouse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Step six: Monitor shipment tracking and address quality issues promptly. Retain all communication and payment records for dispute resolution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Industry_Experts_Say_About_2026_Sourcing_Trends\"><\/span>What Industry Experts Say About 2026 Sourcing Trends<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Supply chain diversification is accelerating. A QIMA report found that North American buyers reduced their reliance on the top three supplier countries from 61% to 54% in a single year<a href=\"https:\/\/today.thefinancialexpress.com.bd\/trade-market\/rising-uncertainty-pushes-global-supply-chains-to-diversify-in-2026-1769360344#1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>. China remains critical for categories like toys and electronics, but buyers are spreading risk across Vietnam, Thailand, and other Southeast Asian hubs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Procurement strategy is shifting from cost-first to resilience-focused. Shannon McCaul, Director at Optis, notes that \u201cprocurement was largely measured on savings and compliance, but today businesses are being asked to influence outcomes from supply continuity to innovation\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/procurementmag.com\/news\/amazon-business-the-new-rules-of-strategic-sourcing#1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>. Supplier relationships, financial health, and geographic diversification now weigh alongside unit price.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Social commerce is becoming a discovery engine for B2B. While B2C dominates social commerce volume, niche B2B communities are gaining momentum by matching specialist suppliers with industry buyers<a href=\"https:\/\/www.giiresearch.com\/report\/moi2119866-social-commerce-market-share-analysis-industry.html#1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>. LooperBuy\u2018s model aligns with this trend: social-driven discovery, platform-driven execution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>What is LooperBuy and how does it work?<br>LooperBuy is a one-stop B2B sourcing platform that connects global buyers with Chinese suppliers through <a href=\"https:\/\/1688.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1688.com<\/a>. It handles payment, supplier communication, and logistics, enabling direct procurement without requiring Chinese bank accounts or domestic registration<a href=\"https:\/\/global.lianlianpay.com\/products\/looperbuy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/global.lianlianpay.com\/article\/MTE1NjM2LDE1Ng.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Can overseas buyers purchase from 1688 without a Chinese account?<br>Normally, no. 1688 requires Chinese identity verification. LooperBuy provides a compliant workaround by acting as the purchasing interface, allowing foreign currency payment and international delivery<a href=\"https:\/\/global.lianlianpay.com\/products\/looperbuy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What product categories does LooperBuy support?<br>LooperBuy provides access to virtually all product categories available on <a href=\"https:\/\/1688.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1688.com<\/a>, including apparel, home goods, electronics accessories, beauty products, and industrial supplies. The platform\u2018s catalog mirrors 1688\u2019s full range, minus prohibited items<a href=\"https:\/\/global.lianlianpay.com\/products\/looperbuy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>How does LooperBuy handle payment and currency conversion?<br>Through a partnership with LianLian Global, LooperBuy supports multi-currency settlement. Buyers pay in their preferred foreign currency, and LooperBuy handles RMB conversion and supplier payment internally<a href=\"https:\/\/global.lianlianpay.com\/article\/MTE1NjM2LDE1Ng.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What logistics options are available for international delivery?<br>LooperBuy works with vetted logistics providers to offer direct-to-door international shipping or consolidation services. Buyers can also specify their own freight forwarder if preferred<a href=\"https:\/\/global.lianlianpay.com\/products\/looperbuy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Bottom_Line_for_B2B_Buyers\"><\/span>The Bottom Line for B2B Buyers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Douyin advertising and social commerce have made product discovery faster than ever. But discovery without reliable sourcing infrastructure creates a bottleneck. LooperBuy addresses that bottleneck by providing a direct, multi-currency, logistics-integrated path to Chinese factory products. For overseas brand wholesalers and producers evaluating their 2026 sourcing strategy, the platform offers a practical alternative to agent-based procurement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Start by browsing LooperBuy\u2019s catalog for your target categories. Request samples. Test the payment and shipping workflow with a small order. Scale once the process proves reliable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"References\"><\/span>References<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.giiresearch.com\/report\/moi2119866-social-commerce-market-share-analysis-industry.html#1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a> GII Research. Social Commerce Market Report 2026. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.giiresearch.com\/report\/moi2119866-social-commerce-market-share-analysis-industry.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.giiresearch.com\/report\/moi2119866-social-commerce-market-share-analysis-industry.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/today.thefinancialexpress.com.bd\/trade-market\/rising-uncertainty-pushes-global-supply-chains-to-diversify-in-2026-1769360344#1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a> The Financial Express. QIMA Supply Chain Diversification Report. <a href=\"https:\/\/today.thefinancialexpress.com.bd\/trade-market\/rising-uncertainty-pushes-global-supply-chains-to-diversify-in-2026-1769360344\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/today.thefinancialexpress.com.bd\/trade-market\/rising-uncertainty-pushes-global-supply-chains-to-diversify-in-2026-1769360344<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/procurementmag.com\/news\/amazon-business-the-new-rules-of-strategic-sourcing#1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a> Procurement Magazine. Amazon Business Strategic Sourcing. <a href=\"https:\/\/procurementmag.com\/news\/amazon-business-the-new-rules-of-strategic-sourcing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/procurementmag.com\/news\/amazon-business-the-new-rules-of-strategic-sourcing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hot_tags\"><\/span>Hot tags<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Douyin advertising, B2B sourcing platform, China wholesale suppliers, 1688 sourcing agent alternative, global B2B procurement, multi-currency supplier payment, cross-border logistics China, LooperBuy sourcing, overseas brand wholesaler, social commerce B2B<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Douyin advertising has become a critical touchpoint for overseas brand wholesalers and producers looking to source products from China efficiently. As a one-stop B2B sourcing platform connecting global buyers with Chinese factories, LooperBuy understands the unique challenges international procurement teams face: fragmented supplier communication, currency barriers, and unpredictable logistics. This guide draws on industry data [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24129,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3784],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry-insights"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24127","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24127"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24127\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24130,"href":"https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24127\/revisions\/24130"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24129"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.looperbuy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}